- C Programming Examples
- C Programming Examples
- C Print Hello World
- C Get Input from User
- C Print Integer
- C Add Two Numbers
- C Add Subtract Multiply Divide
- C Add n Numbers
- C Area Perimeter of Square
- C Area Perimeter of Rectangle
- C Area Circum of Circle
- C Fahrenheit to Celsius
- C Celsius to Fahrenheit
- C Inches to Centimeters
- C Kilogram to Gram
- C Reverse a Number
- C Swap Two Numbers
- C Interchange Numbers
- C Print ASCII Value
- C Print Fibonacci Series
- C Check Palindrome or Not
- C Check Armstrong or Not
- C Find Armstrong Numbers
- C Find nCr and nPr
- C Find Profit Loss
- C Sum of their Square
- C First & Last Digit Sum
- C Sum of All Digit
- C Product of All Digit
- C Print Total Digit in Number
- C Check Perfect Number
- C Find Basic Gross Salary
- C Round Number to Integer
- C Print Series upto n Term
- C Find Factors of Number
- C if-else & Loop Programs
- C Check Even or Odd
- C Check Prime or Not
- C Check Alphabet or Not
- C Check Vowel or Not
- C Check Leap Year or Not
- C Is Reverse Equal Original
- C Make Calculator
- C Add Digits of Number
- Count Positive Negative Zero
- C Largest of Two Numbers
- C Largest of Three Numbers
- C Smallest of Two Numbers
- C Smallest of Three Numbers
- C Find Factorial of Number
- C Find LCM & HCF
- C Find LCM of n Numbers
- C Find HCF of n Numbers
- C Find Arithmetic Mean
- C Find Average, Percentage
- C Find Student Grade
- C Print Table of Number
- C Print Prime Numbers
- C Find Discount Purchase
- C Calculate Parcel Charge
- C Calculate Wage of Labor
- C Print Phone Bill
- C Conversion programs
- C Decimal to Binary
- C Decimal to Octal
- C Decimal to Hexadecimal
- C Binary to Decimal
- C Binary to Octal
- C Binary to Hexadecimal
- C Octal to Decimal
- C Octal to Binary
- C Octal to Hexadecimal
- C Hexadecimal to Decimal
- C Hexadecimal to Binary
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- C Pattern Programs
- C Pattern Printing Programs
- C Print Diamond Pattern
- C Print Floyd's Triangle
- C Print Pascal's Triangle
- C Array Programs
- C 1D Array Programs
- C Linear Search
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- C Largest Element in Array
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- C Second Largest/Smallest
- C Count Even Odd
- C Array Element at Even
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- C Print Even Array Elements
- C Print Odd Array Elements
- C Sum/Product of Even/Odd
- C Reverse an Array
- C Insert Element in Array
- C Delete Element from Array
- C Merge Two Arrays
- C Bubble Sort
- C Selection Sort
- C Insertion Sort
- C Print Common Elements
- C 2D Array Programs
- C Add Two Matrices
- C Subtract Two Matrices
- C Transpose a Matrix
- C Multiply Two Matrices
- C Sum All Matrix Elements
- C Largest Element in Matrix
- C Print Row Column Total
- C 3D Array Programs
- C String Programs
- C Print String
- C Find Length of String
- C Compare Two String
- C Copy a String
- C Concatenate String
- C Reverse a String
- C Count Vowels Consonants
- C Replace Vowel in String
- C Delete Vowels from String
- C Delete Word from String
- C Frequency of Character
- C Count Word in String
- C Remove Spaces from String
- C Sort a String
- C Sort String in Alphabetical
- C Sort Words in Ascending
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- C Uppercase to Lowercase
- C Lowercase to Uppercase
- C Swap Two Strings
- C Check Anagram or Not
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- C Print Number in Words
- C Print Successive Character
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- Generate Random Numbers
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C Program to Subtract Two Matrices
In this article, you will learn and get code on matrix subtraction in C. There are two programs available here:
- 3x3 Matrix Subtraction
- Matrix Subtraction of Desired Size
How Matrix Subtraction gets Performed ?
There is a separate tutorial on it, that is, Matrix Subtraction. There in very short time, you will get the complete knowledge on how a matrix subtraction gets performed. But for now the subtraction of any two 3*3 matrix gets performed like:
matSub[i][j] = mat1[i][j] - mat2[i][j];
where i and j indicates row and column. On putting the value of i and j with 0:
matSub[0][0] = mat1[0][0] - mat2[0][0];
Above statement shows, the first number (or element) of second matrix gets subtracted from the first number of first matrix and initialized as the first element of third matrix (that holds the subtraction result of both the matrix).
Note - The number at 0th row and 0th column of first matrix gets subtracted with number at 0th row and 0th column of second matrix. And its subtraction result gets initialized as the the value of 0th row and 0th column of resultant matrix. Same subtraction process applied for all the elements
3*3 Matrix Subtraction in C
To subtract two matrices in C programming, you have to ask from user to enter the two 3*3 matrices. That is, enter 9 elements for first matrix and then 9 elements for second matrix. Now second matrix from first gets subtracted. Print the subtraction result on output as shown in the program given below.
#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { int mat1[3][3], mat2[3][3], matSub[3][3], i, j; printf("Enter First 3*3 Matrix Elements: "); for(i=0; i<3; i++) { for(j=0; j<3; j++) scanf("%d", &mat1[i][j]); } printf("Enter Second 3*3 Matrix Elements: "); for(i=0; i<3; i++) { for(j=0; j<3; j++) scanf("%d", &mat2[i][j]); } for(i=0; i<3; i++) { for(j=0; j<3; j++) matSub[i][j] = mat1[i][j] - mat2[i][j]; } printf("\nThe Subtraction Result is:\n"); for(i=0; i<3; i++) { for(j=0; j<3; j++) printf("%d ", matSub[i][j]); printf("\n"); } getch(); return 0; }
This program was build and run under Code::Blocks IDE. Here is its sample run:
Now enter any 9 numbers for first matrix and then 9 numbers for second matrix. Then press ENTER
key to see the subtraction
of two given matrix. The subtraction gets performed in a way that the first matrix gets subtracted from second one:
If you enters 9 elements for first matrix say mat1[][]. Then these elements stored in a way that:
- First element gets stored at mat1[0][0]
- Second element gets stored at mat[0][1]
- Third element gets stored at mat1[0][2]
- Fourth element gets stored at mat1[1][0]
- Fifth element gets stored at mat1[1][1]
- and so on
Same happened with second matrix. Now the subtraction of two matrix using for loop goes like:
- The outer for loop evaluates or executes 3 times
- And at every execution of outer for loop, inner for loop executes 3 times
- So at first execution of outer for loop, inner for loop executes 3 times. Therefore:
- matSub[0][0] = mat1[0][0] - mat2[0][0]
- matSub[0][1] = mat1[0][1] - mat2[0][1]
- matSub[0][2] = mat1[0][2] - mat2[0][2]
- gets executed. At second execution of outer for loop, inner for loop again executes 3 times.
Therefore again:
- matSub[1][0] = mat1[1][0] - mat2[1][0]
- matSub[1][1] = mat1[1][1] - mat2[1][1]
- matSub[1][2] = mat1[1][2] - mat2[1][2]
- gets executed. Same things happened with third execution:
- matSub[2][0] = mat1[2][0] - mat2[2][0]
- matSub[2][1] = mat1[2][1] - mat2[2][1]
- matSub[2][2] = mat1[2][2] - mat2[2][2]
- In this way, the matrix matSub[][] holds the subtraction result of both the given matrix
- Now print the value of matSub[][]
Here [0][0] means very first element corresponding to the matrix written before it. And [0][1] means second element, [1][0] means fourth element, [2][2] means last element
To learn about the working of for loop, then refer to the separate tutorial on for Loop in C.
The for loop works like, first and only once its initialization part executes. Then checks the condition, if condition evaluates to be true, then program flow executes all the statement present as the block of this for loop. Then update the loop variable or program flow goes to update part. After updating the value, checks the condition. If it again evaluates to be true, then program flow again does the same job of executing its block of code. The process continues until the condition evaluates to be false
Subtract Two Matrices of Desired Size
This program has an extra feature. That is, it allows the user to define the size for both the matrices.
#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { int rowSize1, colSize1, rowSize2, colSize2, i, j; int mat1[10][10], mat2[10][10], matSub[10][10]; printf("Enter Row and Column Size of First Matrix: "); scanf("%d%d", &rowSize1, &colSize1); printf("Enter Row and Column Size of Second Matrix: "); scanf("%d%d", &rowSize2, &colSize2); if(rowSize1==rowSize2 && colSize1==colSize2) { printf("\nEnter First %d*%d Matrix Elements: ", rowSize1, colSize1); for(i=0; i<rowSize1; i++) { for(j=0; j<colSize1; j++) scanf("%d", &mat1[i][j]); } printf("Enter Second %d*%d Matrix Elements: ", rowSize2, colSize2); for(i=0; i<rowSize2; i++) { for(j=0; j<colSize2; j++) scanf("%d", &mat2[i][j]); } printf("\nThe Subtraction Result is:\n"); for(i=0; i<rowSize1; i++) { for(j=0; j<colSize1; j++) { matSub[i][j] = mat1[i][j] - mat2[i][j]; printf("%d ", matSub[i][j]); } printf("\n"); } } else printf("\nSubtraction can't be Performed!"); getch(); return 0; }
Here is its sample run:
Note = If size mismatched, then subtraction can't be performed. That is, if either row size of first matrix is not equal to row size of second matrix or column size of first matrix is not equal to column size of second matrix, then subtraction can't be performed.
In above program, at the time of subtraction, we have printed the element after each subtraction.
Same Program in Other Languages
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