C Program to Compare Two Strings

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In this article, you will learn and get code about checking whether the two input strings are equal or not with and without using standard library function.

without using strcmp() Function

This program will not use any standard library function say strcmp() that helps while comparing two string in C. Rather this program will compare the two given string by user with the help of self-defined code. Let's have a look at it:

// Compare Two Strings without using Library function
// -------codescracker.com-------

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
    char str1[50], str2[50];
    int i=0, chk=0;
    printf("Enter First String: ");
    gets(str1);
    printf("Enter Second String: ");
    gets(str2);
    while(str1[i]!='\0' || str2[i]!='\0')
    {
        if(str1[i]!=str2[i])
        {
            chk = 1;
            break;
        }
        i++;
    }
    if(chk==0)
        printf("\nStrings are Equal");
    else
        printf("\nStrings are not Equal");
    getch();
    return 0;
}

This program was compiled and executed in Code::Blocks IDE. On executing the above program, you will see the output as shown in the snapshot given below:

Now supply any two string say codes and cracker and press ENTER key to see the output as shown here in the snapshot given below:

Let's take another sample run, in which let's suppose that user has provided two equal string say codes and codes.

Let's take a look at some of the main logic used in above program.

Logic used in previous Program

Here are the list of some main logic used in previous program:

Scan both the string from user at run-time using gets() function
Store first and second string to str1 and str2 variable
Create a while loop, that runs until last character of both the string
Inside the loop, use if statement, to check whether the first character of first string is not equal to the first character of second string. If it evaluates to be true, then initialize 1 to chk and use break keyword, to terminate the loop
If condition of if block evaluates to be false, then the value of i gets incremented, and program flow goes back to the condition of while loop
This will continue, until the condition of while loop evaluates to be false, or the condition of if block (inside the while loop) evaluates to be true
After terminating the loop, check whether chk holds 0 or not. If it holds, then statements of if block never run. So both strings are equal
Otherwise, if chk holds 1, then statement of if block executed, so both strings are not equal. Thats it

For example, let's suppose that if user enters codes and cracker as two input string. So the dry run of the above program using these two given string (as input) is given below:

Program declares two variables namely str1 and str2 of char type that can hold upto 50 characters
Program declares another two variables namely i and chk with 0 as its initial value
Program will scans two strings as input using gets() function
If user enters any string that will be of size less than 50, say codes, then a null terminated character (\0) automatically gets assigned after the last character (s) of the given string (codes). That is, if user supplies codes as first string, then
- str1[0] holds c
- str1[1] holds o
- str1[2] holds d
- str1[3] holds e
- str1[4] holds s
- str1[5] holds \0
Program checks the condition of while loop
At first run, condition of while loop,
str1[i]!='\0' || str2[i]!='\0'
or
str1[0]!='\0' || str2[0]!='\0'
or
'c'!='\0' || 'c'!='\0'
evaluates to be true. Because in both cases, c is not equal to null terminated character \0
So the program flow goes inside the while loop
Program checks the condition of if block, that is,
str1[i]!=str2[i]
or
c!=c
evaluates to be false, so program flow does not goes inside the if block
Program increments the value of i and goes back to the condition of while loop again
Program continue running until the condition of the while loop evaluates to be false
Or inside the loop, if the condition of if block evaluates to be true, then program flow goes inside the if block and 1 gets initialized to chk variable. And using break keyword, program flow goes out of the while loop or the loop gets terminated
And checks whether chk holds its original value (0) or not. If it holds, then if block's condition never evaluates to be true, so no any mismatched to character occured from same position of both the string
So the program prints as Strings are Equal as output. Otherwise, prints Strings are not Equal

using Library Function

Let's create another simple program that that also checks whether the given two strings are equal or not using standard library function of C:

// Compare Two Strings in C using Library Function
// -------codescracker.com-------

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
    char str1[50], str2[50];
    int len1, len2;
    printf("Enter First String: ");
    gets(str1);
    printf("Enter Second String: ");
    gets(str2);
    len1 = strlen(str1);
    len2 = strlen(str2);
    if(len1==len2)
    {
        if(strcmp(str1, str2)==0)
            printf("\nStrings are Equal");
        else
            printf("\nStrings are not Equal");
    }
    else
        printf("\nStrings are not Equal");
    getch();
    return 0;
}

This program will produce the same output as of previous program. In above program, first we have checked whether the length of both the string is equal or not, if it is equal then process further. Otherwise if length of the given two strings is not equal, then obviously both the strings will not be equal.

Note - If both strings are equal, then strcmp() function returns 0. Otherwise, if both strings are not equal, then strcmp() function returns 1

Same Program in Other Languages

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