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PHP fopen() | Open a File
The PHP fopen() function is used when we need to open a file or a URL. For example:
<?php $myfile = "codescracker.txt"; if(fopen($myfile, "r")) echo "The file gets opened successfully, in 'r' mode."; else echo "Unable to open the file."; ?>
The output of above PHP example, is:
Since the file codescracker.txt is available in the current directory, therefore the file gets opened.
The fopen() function basically binds a named resource, specified by the name of file, to a stream. For example, the above program can also be written as:
<?php $myfile = "codescracker.txt"; $fs = fopen($myfile, "r"); if($fs) echo "The file gets opened successfully, in 'r' mode."; else echo "Unable to open the file."; ?>
The $fs in above example, can be treated as file handler, that is the variable used to handle the file opened by fopen(). Since the file is opened in r (reading) mode, therefore the only operation this file handler can perform to the file, is read operation.
PHP fopen() Function Syntax
The syntax of fopen() function in PHP, is:
fopen(fileName, fileOpeningMode, include_path, context)
The first two parameters are required, whereas the last two parameters are optional.
The include_path parameter is used to include the path to search for the specified file. Whereas context parameter is used to specify the context of file handler.
Note - The fopen() returns a file pointer/handler resource on success. Otherwise it returns FALSE along with an error on failure.
PHP File Opening Modes - fopen() Modes
Mode | Description |
---|---|
r | Opens file for reading |
r+ | Opens file for both reading and writing |
w | Opens file for writing |
w+ | Opens file for both writing and reading |
a | Opens file for appending |
a+ | Opens file for appending and reading |
x | Opens file for writing |
x+ | Opens file for both writing and reading |
c | Opens file for writing |
c+ | Opens file for both writing and reading |
Note - The w, w+, a, and a+ modes creates a new file, if specified file does not exists.
Note - The a and a+ mode preserves previous content and writes new content at the end of file.
Note - The x and x+ mode returns FALSE if file already exists. This mode is used to avoid overwrite.
Note - The c and c+ mode creates a new file if the specified file is not available or does not exists.
PHP fopen() Function Example
<?php $myfile = "codescracker.txt"; $fs = fopen($myfile, "r"); $myline = fgets($fs); while($myline!=null) { echo $myline; echo "<br>"; $myline = fgets($fs); } fclose($fs); ?>
The output of above PHP example, is:
The same program can also be written as:
<?php $fs = fopen("codescracker.txt", "r"); while(!feof($fs)) { $x = fgets($fs); echo $x . "<br>"; } fclose($fs); ?>
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