Python Operators

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Operators in Python, are used to perform mathematical and logical operations. There are the following types of operators available in Python:

Arithmetic Operators
Logical Operators
Comparison (Relational) Operators
Assignment Operators
Bitwise Operators
Membership Operators
Identity Operators

Python Arithmetic Operators

Here the following table lists the arithmetic operators available in python with their name and meaning:

Operator	Name	Meaning
+	Addition Operator	This operator is used to add the values on either side of the operator
-	Subtraction Operator	This operator is used to subtract the right hand operand from the left hand operand
*	Multiplication Operator	This operator is used to multiply the values on either side of the operator
/	Division Operator	This operator is used to divide the left hand operand by the right hand operand
%	Modulus Operator	This operator is used to divide the left hand operand by the right hand operand and returns the remainder
//	Floor Division Operator	This is the division of the operands where the result is the quotient in which the digits after the decimal point are removed
**	Exponent Operator	This operator simply performs the exponential (power) calculation on the operators

Example

Here is an example program, uses arithmetic operators in Python:

# Python Operators - Python Arithmetic Operators - Example Program 
		
num1 = 23
num2 = 10
res = 0

print("If num1 = 23 and num2 = 10. Then,");

res = num1 + num2
print("num1 + num2 = ", res)

res = num1 - num2
print("num1 - num2 = ", res)

res = num1 * num2
print("num1 * num2 = ", res)

res = num1 / num2
print("num1 / num2 = ", res)

res = num1 % num2
print("num1 % num2 = ", res)

#changing the values of num1 and num2
num1 = 2
num2 = 3

print("\nIf num1 = 2 and num2 = 3. Then,");

res = num1 ** num2
print("num1 ** num2 = ", res)

#again changing the values of num1 and num2
num1 = 10
num2 = 5

print("\nIf num1 = 10 and num2 = 5. Then,");

res = num1 // num2
print("num1 // num2 = ", res)

Here is the output produced by the above Python program:

Python Comparison Operators

Here the following lists the comparison operators available in Python:

Operator	Meaning
==	This operator checks if the value of the two operands are equal or not. If equal, then the condition becomes true, otherwise false
!=	This operator checks if the value of the two operands are equal or not. If not equal, then the condition becomes true, otherwise false
>	This operator checks if the value of the left operand is greater than the value of the right operand or not. If yes, then the condition becomes true, otherwise false
<	This operator checks if the value of the left operand is less than the value of the right operand or not. If yes, then the condition becomes true, otherwise false
>=	This operator checks if the value of the left operand is greater than or equal to the value of the right operand or not. If yes, then the condition becomes true
<=	This operator checks if the value of the left operand is less than or equal to the value of the right operand or not. If yes, then the condition becomes true

Example

Here is an example, uses comparison operators in Python:

# Python Operators - Comparison Operators - Example Program

num1 = 23
num2 = 10
res = 0

print("If num1 = 23 and num2 = 10. Then,");

if(num1 == num2):
    print("num1 is equal to num2");
else:
    print("num1 is not equal to num2");

if(num1 != num2):
    print("num1 is not equal to num2");
else:
    print("num1 is equal to num2");

if(num1 < num2):
    print("num1 is less than num2");
else:
    print("num1 is not less than num2");

if(num1 > num2):
    print("num1 is greater than num2");
else:
    print("num1 is not greater than num2");

if(num1 <= num2):
    print("num1 is either less than or equal to num2");
else:
    print("num1 is neither less than or equal to num2");

if(num1 >= num2):
   print("num1 is either greater than or equal to num2");
else:
   print("num1 is neither greater than or equal to num2");

# changing the values of num1 and num2
num1 = 40
num2 = 40

print("\nIf num1 = 40 and num2 = 40. Then,");

if(num1 <= num2):
    print("num1 is either less than or equal to num2");
else:
    print("num1 is neither less than or equal to num2");

if(num1 >= num2):
    print("num1 is either greater than or equal to num2");
else:
    print("num1 is neither greater than or equal to num2");

Here is the sample run of the above Python program:

$python math operators$

Python Assignment Operators

Here, the following table lists the assignment operators available in Python:

Operator	Name	Meaning
=	Simple Assignment Operator	This operator assigns values from the right side operand to the left side operand
+=	Add and Assignment Operator	This operator adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand
-=	Subtract and Assignment Operator	This operator subtracts the right operand from the left operand and then assigns the result to the left operand
/=	Divide and Assignment Operator	This operator divides the left operand with the right operand and then assigns the result to the left operand
*=	Multiply and Assignment Operator	This operator multiplies the right operand with the left operand and then assigns the result to the left operand
**=	Exponent and Assignment Operator	This operator performs the exponential calculation on operators and then assign the value to the left operand
%=	Modulus and Assignment Operator	This operator takes modulus using the two operands and then assigns the result to the left operand
//=	Floor Division and Assignment Operator	This operator performs the floor division on the operators and then assign the value to the left operand

Example

Here is an example program, uses assignment operators in Python:

# Python Operators - Python Assignment Operators - Example Program

num1 = 25
num2 = 10
res = 0

print("If num1 = 25 and num2 = 10. Then,");

res = num1 + num2
print("num1 + num2 = ", res);

res += num1
print("res + num1 = ", res);

res -= num1
print("res - num1 = ", res);

res *= num1
print("res * num = ", res);

res /= num1
print("res / num1 = ", res);

# changing the values of res
res = 2

res %= num1
print("res % num1 = ", res);

res **= num1
print("res ** num1 = ", res);

res //= num1
print("res // num1 = ", res);

Here is the sample output of the above Python program:

Python Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators in Python, used to perform bitwise operations. The following table lists the bitwise operators available in Python. This table lists all the bitwise operators of python with their name and meaning:

Operator	Name	Meaning
&	Binary AND Operator	This operator copies a bit to the result only if its exists in both the operands
^	Binary OR Operator	This operator copies a bit only if it exists in either the operand
\|	Binary XOR Operator	This operator copies the bit only if it is the set of one operand but not the both
~	Binary Ones Complement Operator	This is unary operator, has the effect of 'flipping' bits
>>	Binary Right Shift Operator	The left operand's value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand
<<	Binary Left Shift Operator	The left operand's value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand

Python Bitwise AND

  0011 1100   60
& 0000 1101   13
-----------
  0000 1100   12

Python Bitwise OR

  0011 1100   60
| 0000 1101   13
-----------
  0011 1101   61

Python Bitwise XOR

  0011 1100   60
^ 0000 1101   13
-----------
  0011 0001   49

Python Bitwise Ones Complement

  0011 1100   60
^ 0000 1101   13
-----------
  1100 0011   -61

Example

Here is an example program, uses bitwise operators in Python:

# Python Operators - Python Bitwise Operators - Example Program

num1 = 60
num2 = 13
res = 0

print("If num1 = 60 and num2 = 13. Then,");

res = num1 & num2;
print("num1 & num2 = ", res);

res = num1 | num2;
print("num1 | num2 = ", res);

res = num1 ^ num2;
print("num1 ^ num2 = ", res);

res = ~num1;
print("~num1 = ", res);

res = ~num2;
print("~num2 = ", res);

res = num1 << 2;
print("num1 << 2 = ", res);

res = num2 << 2;
print("num2 << 2 = ", res);

res = num1 >> 2;
print("num1 >> 2 = ", res);

res = num2 >> 2;
print("num2 >> 2 = ", res);

# changing the values of num1 and num2
num1 = 60
num2 = 0

print("\nIf num1 = 60 and num2 = 0. Then,");

res = num1 & num2;
print("num1 & num2 = ", res);

res = num1 | num2;
print("num1 | num2 = ", res);

Here is the sample output produced by the above python program:

Here, the following table lists the above (produced as output) decimal value in binary format:

Decimal Value	Equivalent Binary Value
60	0011 1100
13	0000 1101
12	0000 1100
61	0011 1101
49	0011 0001
-61	1100 0011
-14	1111 0010
240	1111 0000
52	0011 0100
15	0000 1111
3	0000 0011

Python Logical Operators

Here, the following table lists the logical operators available in python:

Operator	Name	Meaning
and	Logical AND Operator	If both the operands are true, then the condition becomes true, otherwise false
not	Logical NOT Operator	This operator used to reverse the logical state of its operand
or	Logical OR Operator	If any of the two operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true, otherwise false

Example

Here is an example program, uses logical operators in Python:

# Python Operators - Python Logical Operators - Example Program

num1 = 100
num2 = 200
res = 0

print("If num1 = 100 and num2 = 200. Then,");

if(num1 and num2):
    print("Both num1 and num2 are true");
else:
    print("Either num1 or num2 is not true, or both are not true");

if(num1 or num2):
    print("Either num1 or num2 is true, or both are true");
else:
    print("Neither num1 nor num2 is true");

# changing the values of num1 and num2
num1 = 5
num2 = 0

print("\nIf num1 = 5 and num2 = 0. Then,");

if(num1 and num2):
    print("Both num1 and num2 are true");
else:
    print("Neither num1 nor num2 is true");

if(num1 or num2):
    print("Either num1 or num2 is true, or both are true");
else:
    print("Neither num1 nor num2 is true");

if not(num1 and num2):
    print("Neither num1 nor num2 is true");
else:
    print("Both num1 and num2 are true");

Here is the output produced by the above python program: