C++ Program to Insert an Element in an Array

In this article, you will learn and get code to insert an element in an array in C++ language. Here are the list of programs available in this article:

• Insert Element at the End of an Array
• Insert Element at a Specific Position of an Array

Insert Element at the End of an Array

This program asks from user to enter 5 numbers or elements for an array and then further ask to enter the element to insert it at the end of given array.

The question is, write a program in C++ to insert an element at the end of an array. Here is its answer:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    int arr[6], i, elem;
    cout<<"Enter 5 Array Elements: ";
    for(i=0; i<5; i++)
        cin>>arr[i];
    cout<<"\nEnter Element to Insert: ";
    cin>>elem;
    arr[i] = elem;
    cout<<"\nThe New Array is:\n";
    for(i=0; i<6; i++)
        cout<<arr[i]<<"  ";
    cout<<endl;
    return 0;
}

This program was build and run under Code::Blocks IDE. Here is its initial output:

Now supply 5 inputs as 5 numbers or elements for the array say 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and then enter a number or element say 9 to insert in the array. Here is the sample output produced by above program after providing these inputs:

This programs receives 5 array elements using for loop, one by one. That is, if user enters 5 array elements as 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, then these elements gets stored in arr[] in following way:

• arr[0]=4
• arr[1]=5
• arr[2]=6
• arr[3]=7
• arr[4]=8

After receiving all the 5 elements for the array, the value of i is 5 now. So just receive another input, that is the element to insert and initialize it to arr[i] or arr[5]. Finally print the new array.

Insert Element in Array at a Specific Position

To insert an element in an array in C++ programming, you have to ask from user to enter the size and elements for the array. And then ask to enter the element to insert and at what position as shown in the program given below:

After inserting the element at desired position, don't forgot display the new array on the screen.

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    int arr[50], i, elem, pos, tot;
    cout<<"Enter the Size for Array: ";
    cin>>tot;
    cout<<"Enter "<<tot<<" Array Elements: ";
    for(i=0; i<tot; i++)
        cin>>arr[i];
    cout<<"\nEnter Element to Insert: ";
    cin>>elem;
    cout<<"At What Position ? ";
    cin>>pos;
    for(i=tot; i>=pos; i--)
        arr[i] = arr[i-1];
    arr[i] = elem;
    tot++;
    cout<<"\nThe New Array is:\n";
    for(i=0; i<tot; i++)
        cout<<arr[i]<<"  ";
    cout<<endl;
    return 0;
}

Here is its sample run with following user input:

• 6 as array size
• 10, 20, 30, 50, 60, 70 as 6 array elements
• 40 as element to insert
• 4 as the position to insert the element

After supplying these inputs, here is the snapshot that shows all the operations that has been done on the output screen:

In above program, with the help of pos's value (desired position where user wants to insert the new element), we've shifted all the element from this position to one index forth (forward). After doing this task, the previous element at this position gets moved to its one index forth. Therefore, we're free to initialize the new element at this position

Don't forgot to increment the value of tot (size of array) after inserting the new element to it. Now print the new array that contains newly inserted element at desired or specific position as shown in the output given above.

For example, the dry run of following block of code:

for(i=tot; i>=pos; i--)
    arr[i] = arr[i-1];
arr[i] = elem;

with same user input as provided in above sample run, goes like:

• Here are the values before program flow come at this block of code:
  • tot=6
  • arr[0]=10, arr[1]=20, arr[2]=30, arr[3]=50, arr[4]=60, arr[5]=70
  • elem=40
  • pos=4
• Now the execution of this small block of code, starts with for loop
• That is, its initialization part executes at first but only at once. So the value of tot gets initialized to i. Therefore, i=6
• Now the condition, i>=pos or 6>=4 evaluates to be true, therefore program flow goes inside the loop
• Inside the loop, arr[i-1] or arr[6-1] or arr[5] or 70 gets initialized to arr[i] or arr[6]. So arr[6]=70. As you can see that the number at last index (fifth index) gets moved to one index forth (that is at sixth index)
• Now the program flow goes to the update part of for loop decrements the value of i. So i=5, and evaluates the condition again
• That is the condition i>=pos or 5>=4 evaluates to be true again, therefore program flow again goes inside the loop
• This process continues, until the condition of for loop evaluates to be false. Before its condition evaluated to be false, here are the new values of arr[]:
  • arr[6]=70
  • arr[5]=60
  • arr[4]=50
• Now the element or number 50 which was present at fourth position (third index) gets moved to fifth position (forth index). Because indexing starts from 0, therefore we're considering the element at fourth index as fifth position's element
• Therefore the fourth position (third index) is free to initialize any new element
• So just initialize the new element to it. Therefore, the value of elem, that is 40 gets initialized to arr[i] or arr[3]

Same Program in Other Languages

• C Insert Element in Array
• Java Insert Element in Array

C++ Online Test