- Operating Systems Basics
- Operating System (OS) Home
- Operating System Basics
- What is an Operating System
- History of Operating System
- Mainframe Operating System
- Server Operating System
- Multiprocessor Operating System
- Personal Computer OS
- Real-Time Operating System
- Embedded Operating System
- Smart Card Operating System
- OS Processors
- OS Memory
- OS System Calls
- Operating System Structure
- OS Processes and Threads
- OS Processes
- OS Process Model
- OS Process Creation
- OS Process Termination
- OS Process Hierarchies
- OS Process States
- OS Process Implementation
- OS Threads
- OS Thread Model
- OS Thread Implementation
- OS Pop-up Threads
- OS Interprocess Communication
- OS Scheduling
- OS Thread Scheduling
- OS Deadlocks
- OS Deadlocks
- OS Deadlock Resources
- OS Deadlock Conditions
- OS Deadlock Modelling
- OS Deadlock Detection
- OS Deadlock Recovery
- OS Deadlock Avoidance
- OS Deadlock Prevention
- OS Two-Phase Locking
- OS Memory Management
- OS Memory Management
- OS Monoprogramming
- OS Multiprogramming
- OS Relocation and Protection
- Memory Management with Bitmap
- Memory Management with Linked List
- OS Virtual Memory
- OS Page Replacement Algorithms
- OS Local vs Global Allocation Policie
- OS Load Control
- OS Page Size
- OS Separate Instruction & Data Space
- OS Shared Pages
- OS Cleaning Policies
- OS Virtual Memory Interface
- OS Implementation Issues
- OS Involvement with Paging
- OS Page Fault Handling
- OS Instruction Backup
- OS Locking Pages in Memory
- OS Backing Store
- OS Separation of Policy & Mechanism
- OS Segmentation
- Operating System Input/Output
- Operating System Input/Output
- OS Input/Output Devices
- OS Device Controllers
- OS Memory-Mapped Input/Output
- OS Direct Memory Access DMA
- OS Input/Output Software Goals
- OS Programmed Input/Output
- OS Interrupt-Driven Input/Output
- OS Input/Output using DMA
- OS Input/Output Software Layers
- OS Disks
- OS Disk Hardware
- OS Disk Formatting
- OS Stable Storage
- OS Clocks
- OS Character-Oriented Terminals
- OS RS-232 Terminal Hardware
- OS Graphical User Interfaces
- OS Network Terminals
- OS Power Management
- OS File Systems
- OS Files
- OS File Naming
- OS File Structure
- OS File Types
- OS File Access
- OS File Attributes
- OS File Operations
- OS Memory-Mapped Files
- OS Directories
- OS Single-Level Directory System
- OS Two-Level Directory System
- OS Hierarchical Directory System
- OS Path Names
- OS Directory Operations
- OS File System Implementation
- OS File System Layout
- OS Disk Space Management
- Multimedia Operating System
- Multimedia Operating System
- OS Multimedia Files
- OS Audio Encoding
- OS Video Encoding
- OS Video Compression
- OS Multimedia Process Scheduling
- OS Multimedia File System Paradigm
- OS File Placement
- OS Caching
- OS Disk Scheduling
- OS Multiple Processor System
- OS Multiprocessors
- OS Multiprocessor Hardware
- OS Multiprocessor Synchronization
- OS Multiprocessor Scheduling
- OS Multicomputers
- OS Multicomputer Hardware
- Low-Level Communication Software
- User-Level Communication Software
- OS Remote Procedure Call
- OS Distributed Shared Memory
- OS Multicomputer Scheduling
- OS Load Balancing
- OS Distributed System
- OS Network Hardware
- OS Network Services and Protocols
- OS Document-Based Middleware
- OS File System-Based Middleware
- OS Shared Object-Based Middleware
- Operating System Security
- Operating System Security
- OS Threats
- OS Intruders
- OS Accidental Data Loss
- Basics of Cryptography
- Secret-Key Cryptography
- Public-Key Cryptography
- OS Digital Signatures
- OS User Authentication
- OS Trojan Horses
- OS Login Spoofing
- OS Logic Bombs
- OS Trap Doors
- OS Viruses
- OS AntiViruses
- OS Internet Worms
- Give Online Test
- All Test List
- Operating System Test
OS Disk Hardware
This tutorial of disk hardware describes briefly about the following disk hardware:
- Magnetic disks
- RAID
- CD-ROM
- CD-Recordable
- CD-Rewritable
- DVD
Magnetic Disks
Magnetic disks are organised into cylinders where each one containing as many tracks as there are heads stacked vertically. And the tracks are again divided into sectors.
RAID
RAID stands for Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks.
The basic idea behind Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks is just to install a box full of disks next to the computer, typically a large server, replace the disk controller card with a RAID controller, copy the data over to the RAID and then continue the normal operation.
In other word, you can say that RAID looks like a SLED (Single Large Expensive Disk) to the OS.
But RAID have better performance and reliability than SLED.
CD-ROM
In the year of 1980, major two company namely Philips and Sony, together developed the Compact Disk (CD) which rapidly replaced 33 1/3-rpm vinyl record for music.
All the compact disks are 120mm across and 1.2mm thick, with a 15mm hole in the middle of the CD.
Now, after almost 4 years, that is, in the year of 1984, these two company now realised the power and potential of using the compact disks to store the computer data, therefore they developed CD-ROM, that stands for Compact Disk-Read Only Memory.
CD-Recordable
Physically, CD-Recordable (CD-R) stars with 120mm polycarbonate blanks that are like CD-ROMs, except that they contain a 0.6mm wide groove to guide the laser for writing.
CD-Rewritable
After the people's demand for a rewritable CD-ROM, a technology was developed named CD-ReWritable (CD-RW), that uses the same size media as CD-Recordable (CD-R).
But, CD-RW uses an alloy of silver, antimony, indium, and tellurium for the recording layer.
DVD
DVD stands for Digital Video Disk or Digital Versatile Disk.
DVD uses the same general design as of CD with 120mm injection-moulded polycarbonate disks containing pits and lands that are illuminated by a laser diode and read by a photodetector.
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