Data type in SQL, is used to define, what type of value, a column can contain.
SQL Accurate Numeric Data Types
Here, the following table lists all the accurate numeric data types available in SQL:
| Data Type |
From |
To |
| bigint |
-9,223,372,036,854,775,808 |
9,223,372,036,854,775,807 |
| int |
-2,147,483,648 |
2,147,483,647 |
| smallint |
-32,768 |
32,767 |
| tinyint |
0 |
255 |
| bit |
0 |
1 |
| numeric |
-1038 +1 |
1038 -1 |
| decimal |
-1038 +1 |
1038 -1 |
| money |
-922,337,203,685,477.5808 |
+922,337,203,685,477.5807 |
| smallmoney |
-214,748.3648 |
+214,748.3647 |
SQL Approximate Numeric Data Types
The table given below, lists the approximate numeric data types available in SQL:
| Data Type |
From |
To |
| float |
-1.79E + 308 |
1.79E + 308 |
| real |
-3.40E + 38 |
3.40E + 38 |
SQL Date and Time Data Types
The following table lists the date and time data type available in SQL:
| Data Type |
From |
To |
| datetime |
Jan 1, 1753 |
Dec 31, 9999 |
| smalldatetime |
Jan 1, 1900 |
Jun 6, 2079 |
| date |
This data type stores a date like June 30, 1991 in SQL |
|
| time |
This data type stores a time of day like 12:30 P.M. in SQL |
|
SQL Character Strings Data Types
The following table lists the character strings date types available in SQL:
| Data Type |
Description |
| char |
Maximum length of 8,000 characters.( Fixed length non-Unicode characters) |
| varchar |
Maximum of 8,000 characters.(Variable-length non-Unicode data). |
| varchar(max) |
This data type is only for SQL Server 2005. Maximum length of 231 characters, Variable-length non-Unicode data |
| text |
Variable-length non-Unicode data with a maximum length of 2,147,483,647 characters |
Unicode Character Strings Data Types
Here is the table lists Unicode character strings data type available in SQL:
| Data Type |
Description |
| nchar |
Maximum length of 4,000 characters (Fixed length Unicode) |
| nvarchar |
Maximum length of 4,000 characters (Variable length Unicode) |
| nvarchar(max) |
Maximum length of 231 characters, only for SQL Server 2005 (Variable length Unicode) |
| ntext |
Maximum length of 1,073,741,823 characters (Variable length Unicode) |
Binary Data Types
Here is the table lists binary data types available in SQL:
| Data Type |
Description |
| binary |
Maximum length of 8,000 bytes (Fixed-length binary data) |
| varbinary |
Maximum length of 8,000 bytes (Variable length binary data) |
| varbinary(max) |
Maximum length of 231 bytes, only for SQL Server 2005 (Variable length Binary data) |
| image |
Maximum length of 2,147,483,647 bytes (Variable length Binary Data) |
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