Python allows you to two levels of access to the network services:
- at low level - in the low level, you can only access to the basic socket support in the underlying OS, allows you to implement
the clients and servers for both connection-oriented and connectionless protocols
- at high level - python have libraries, provides higher-level access to the particular application-level network protocols,
such as HTTP, FTP, etc.
What is Socket ?
Socket is the endpoint of a bi-directional communications channel. Sockets can communicate within a process, between the processes on the same
machine, or between the processes on the different continents.
A Simple Server
To write the internet server, we will use the function socket() available in the socket module to create the socket object. A socket object is
then used to call the other functions to setup the socket server. Now call the function named bind(hostname, port) to specify a port for your service
on the given host. Next, call the method named accept() of the returned object. This method waits until a client connects to the port you have
specified, and then returns a connection object that represents the connection to that client. Here is an example demonstrating all this. This
is server.py file:
# Python Networking - Example Program
import socket # this import the socket module
s = socket.socket() # this creates a socket object
host = socket.gethostname() # this will get the local machine name
port = 12345 # this reserves a port for your service.
s.bind((host, port)) # this bind to the port
s.listen(5) # this wait for the client connection.
while True:
c, addr = s.accept() # this establish connection with the client.
print("Got connection from", addr)
c.send("Thank you for connecting")
c.close() # this will lose the connection
A Simple Client
Here is a simple client program, which opens a connection to a given port 12345 and given host. This is client.py file.
# Python Networking - Example Program
import socket
s = socket.socket()
host = socket.gethostname()
port = 12345
s.connect((host, port))
print(s.recv(1024))
s.close()
Now run the server.py file in the background and then run the client.py to see the result:
$ python server.py &
$ python client.py
It will produce following result:
Got connection from ('127.0.0.1', 48437)
Thank you for connecting
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