C++ Header Files

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The C++ standard library contains files containing the standard functions that your program may use. These files are known as header files. Header files provide function prototype definitions for library functions. Data types and constants used with the library functions are also defined in them.

Let's discuss some important header files of Borland C++.

stdio.h

This header files defines types and macros needed for the standard I/O package. This file also defines the standard I/O predefined streams i.e., stdin, stdout, stdprn, and stderr. When you include iostream.h file in your program, this file i.e., stdio.h automatically gets included in your program. The standard I/O functions contained in stdio.h are given in the following table :

clearerr	fclose	fcloseall	fopen	feof
feror	fflush	fgetc	fgetchar	fgetpos
fgets	fileno	flushall	fopen	fprintf
fputc	fputchar	fputs	fread	freopen
fscanf	fseek	fsetpos	-fsopen	ftell
fwrite	getc	getchar	gets	getw
perror	printf	putc	putchar	puts
putw	remove	rename	rewind	rmtmp
scanf	setbuf	setvbuf	sprintf	-strerror
strerror	tempnam	tmpfile	tmpram	ungetc
vfprintf	vfscanf	vprintf	vscanf	vsprintf

iostream.h

This header file declares the basic C++ streams I/O routines. Some of the functions defined in it are :

open	close	get	getline	read
write	put	seekg	seekp	tellg
tellp	ignore	peek	putback	flush
rdstate	bad	eof	fail	good
clear

string.h

This header file declares several string manipulation and memory manipulation routines. The functions contained in string.h are given in the following table:

memccpy	memchr	memcmp	memcpy
memicmp	memmove	memset	movedata
movemem	stpcp	strcat	strchr
strcmp	strcoll	strcpy	strcspn
strdup	strerror	stricmp	strcmpi
strlen	strlwr	strncat	strncmp
strncmpi	stncpy	strnicmp	strnset
strpbrk	strrchr	strrew	strset
strspm	strstr	strtok	strupr
strxfrm

math.h

This header file declares prototypes for the math functions and math error handlers. The routines in math.h file perform mathematical calculations and conversion.

acos	acosl	asin	asinl	atan
atanl	atan2	atan2l	atof	cabs
cabsl	ceil	ceill	cos	cosl
cosh	coshl	div	exp	expl
fabs	fabsl	fevt	floor	floorl
fmod	fmodl	frexp	fexpl	hypot
hypoll	dexp	ldexpl	ldiv	log
logl	logio	log101	matherr	_matherrl
modf	modfl	poly	polyl	pow
polywl	powlo	pow101	sin	sinl
sinh	sinhl	sqrt	sqrtl	tan
tanl	tanh	tanhl

stdlib.h

This header file declares several commonly used routines like conversion routines, search/sort routines, and other miscellaneous things. Some of its functions are :

_fullpath	_makepath	_searchenv	_splitpath
atof	atoi	atol	ecvt
fcvt	gevt	itoa	ltoa
_strdate	_strtime	strtod	strtol
_strtoid	strtoul	ultoa	mblen
mbtowc	wcstombs	wctomb	abs
labs	_irotl	_irotr	calloc
coreleft	free	malloc	realloc

iomanip.h

This header file declares the C++ streams I/O manipulators and contains macros for creating parameterised manipulators. Some of its functions are :

dec	endl	ends	flush
hex	oct	reset/osflags	setbase
setfile	setiosflags	setprecision	setw
ws

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