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- C++ Standard Library
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C++ Header Files
The C++ standard library contains files containing the standard functions that your program may use. These files are known as header files. Header files provide function prototype definitions for library functions. Data types and constants used with the library functions are also defined in them.
Let's discuss some important header files of Borland C++.
stdio.h
This header files defines types and macros needed for the standard I/O package. This file also defines the standard I/O predefined streams i.e., stdin, stdout, stdprn, and stderr. When you include iostream.h file in your program, this file i.e., stdio.h automatically gets included in your program. The standard I/O functions contained in stdio.h are given in the following table :
| clearerr | fclose | fcloseall | fopen | feof |
| feror | fflush | fgetc | fgetchar | fgetpos |
| fgets | fileno | flushall | fopen | fprintf |
| fputc | fputchar | fputs | fread | freopen |
| fscanf | fseek | fsetpos | -fsopen | ftell |
| fwrite | getc | getchar | gets | getw |
| perror | printf | putc | putchar | puts |
| putw | remove | rename | rewind | rmtmp |
| scanf | setbuf | setvbuf | sprintf | -strerror |
| strerror | tempnam | tmpfile | tmpram | ungetc |
| vfprintf | vfscanf | vprintf | vscanf | vsprintf |
iostream.h
This header file declares the basic C++ streams I/O routines. Some of the functions defined in it are :
| open | close | get | getline | read |
| write | put | seekg | seekp | tellg |
| tellp | ignore | peek | putback | flush |
| rdstate | bad | eof | fail | good |
| clear |
string.h
This header file declares several string manipulation and memory manipulation routines. The functions contained in string.h are given in the following table:
| memccpy | memchr | memcmp | memcpy |
| memicmp | memmove | memset | movedata |
| movemem | stpcp | strcat | strchr |
| strcmp | strcoll | strcpy | strcspn |
| strdup | strerror | stricmp | strcmpi |
| strlen | strlwr | strncat | strncmp |
| strncmpi | stncpy | strnicmp | strnset |
| strpbrk | strrchr | strrew | strset |
| strspm | strstr | strtok | strupr |
| strxfrm |
math.h
This header file declares prototypes for the math functions and math error handlers. The routines in math.h file perform mathematical calculations and conversion.
| acos | acosl | asin | asinl | atan |
| atanl | atan2 | atan2l | atof | cabs |
| cabsl | ceil | ceill | cos | cosl |
| cosh | coshl | div | exp | expl |
| fabs | fabsl | fevt | floor | floorl |
| fmod | fmodl | frexp | fexpl | hypot |
| hypoll | dexp | ldexpl | ldiv | log |
| logl | logio | log101 | matherr | _matherrl |
| modf | modfl | poly | polyl | pow |
| polywl | powlo | pow101 | sin | sinl |
| sinh | sinhl | sqrt | sqrtl | tan |
| tanl | tanh | tanhl |
stdlib.h
This header file declares several commonly used routines like conversion routines, search/sort routines, and other miscellaneous things. Some of its functions are :
| _fullpath | _makepath | _searchenv | _splitpath |
| atof | atoi | atol | ecvt |
| fcvt | gevt | itoa | ltoa |
| _strdate | _strtime | strtod | strtol |
| _strtoid | strtoul | ultoa | mblen |
| mbtowc | wcstombs | wctomb | abs |
| labs | _irotl | _irotr | calloc |
| coreleft | free | malloc | realloc |
iomanip.h
This header file declares the C++ streams I/O manipulators and contains macros for creating parameterised manipulators. Some of its functions are :
| dec | endl | ends | flush |
| hex | oct | reset/osflags | setbase |
| setfile | setiosflags | setprecision | setw |
| ws |
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